The Somatosensory System: Receptors and Central Pathways

기본 개념

Charles Scott Sherrington(1932 노벨상)의 분류

  1. 고유감각(proprioception): 관절의 꺽인 정도나 근육의 수축 상태 등 monitoring

  2. 외수용(exteroception): 온도, 촉각 등 통상적 의미의 감각. (후각, 시각, 미각은?)

  3. 내수용(interoception): visceral sensation?

일차감각신경세포 (Primary Sensory Neurons)

감각이 중추의 감각 피질까지 전달되려면 여러 단계의 neuron와 synapse를 거치게 된다.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Periphery.png/1024px-Periphery.png

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Peripheral neurons의 세포체(soma)가 모여 있는 곳을 신경절(ganglion)이라 부른다.

Trigeminal Ganglion

목 보다 윗 부분(얼굴, 머리)을 담당하는 감각신경의 세포체가 모여있는 곳은 trigeminal ganglion (TG)라고 부른다.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg http://www.strokeeducation.info/images/brainstem and brain .jpg

Nerves vs. Neurons

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Nerve_Anatomy.jpeg

Conduction Velocity & Compound Action Potential

Sensory Receptors

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Blausen_0809_Skin_TactileReceptors.png/768px-Blausen_0809_Skin_TactileReceptors.png

Mechanoreceptors

Proposed activation mechanism

  1. Direct membrane stretch
  2. Direct cytoskeleton stretch
  3. Indirect cytoskeleton stretch
  4. 기타 등등

DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2005.05.012 DOI:10.1126/science.1193270

Piezo1 and Piezo2 are essential components of distinct mechanically activated cation channels (Science 2010)

Proprioceptive Receptors

https://pocketdentistry.com/wp-content/uploads/285/F00002Xf02-05-9780323082204.jpg https://3dprintingindustry.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/3D-printed-derby-dog-prosthetic.gif

참고: Myotatic (Stretch) Reflex

번외편: Withdrawal reflex

Pain Receptors

DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.028

Thermo Receptors

DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(03)00101-6

Itch Sensation

Visceral Sensation

Central Pathways

Dorsal Horn

그림 22-10

Dermatome

https://jcphysiotherapy.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/10872852_1515044748768756_3090295442741329178_o.jpg

http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F36_thumb.jpg

대상포진 (Herpes Zoster) http://www.dtnews24.com/news/photo/201601/60179_388576.jpg https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mehmet_Demirkol4/publication/266263308/figure/fig2/AS:392157086142465@1470508943041/Preoperative-extraoral-photograph-of-a-patient-with-herpes-zoster-rash-on-the-left-chin.png

연관통

https://pocketdentistry.com/wp-content/uploads/285/F00002Xf02-01-9780323082204.jpg

Dorsal Column System & Spinothalamic Tract

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1417_Ascending_Pathways_of_Spinal_Cord.jpg/1000px-1417_Ascending_Pathways_of_Spinal_Cord.jpg

Thalamus

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Cortical_surface_with_an_overlay_of_the_basal_ganglia_and_thalamus.jpg

http://humanphysiology.academy/Neurosciences 2015/Images/3/thalconn www.glittra.JPG

Somatosensory Cortex

http://droualb.faculty.mjc.edu/Course Materials/Physiology 101/Chapter Notes/Fall 2007/figure_10_04_labeled.jpg

Class/Neuroscience/SensorySystem (2018-04-28 10:49:04에 gehoon가(이) 마지막으로 수정)